Urinary tract infection infects one or more parts of the urinary system, such as the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. This is a highly prevalent condition; according to the Global Burden of Disease project, there were over 40.461 million reported cases in 2019, with 23.790 fatalities and an average of 520,200 new cases daily (1). Urinary…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) occurs due to the gradual decline in kidney function. It is characterized by the progressive reduction of organic biochemical function and secondary physiological functions due to the accumulation of metabolic waste, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance, reduced blood volume, increased blood potassium and phosphate, anemia, endocrine disorders, hypertrophy of the thyroid, infertility,…
Renal cancer, a human disease originating from malignant tumors in the epithelial cells of the urinary tract, develops relatively rapidly and can occur anywhere in the kidney. Accounting for 1-2% of all adult cancers, renal cancer can affect individuals of any age, with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) representing about 3% of all cancers and comprising…
According to the World Health Organization’s 2019 estimation, chronic diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic kidney disease accounts for approximately 11 to 13% of global statistics. Kidney failure is a condition in which kidney function gradually diminishes over time, becoming irreversibly impaired. The leading causes of kidney failure can be attributed…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) occurs due to the gradual decline in kidney function. It is characterized by the progressive reduction of organic biochemical function and secondary physiological functions due to the accumulation of metabolic waste, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance, reduced blood volume, increased blood potassium and phosphate, anemia, endocrine disorders, hypertrophy of the thyroid, infertility,…
Kidney disease is a common health problem. The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 5 to 10 million people die annually from kidney diseases worldwide [1]. By 2040, it projected chronic kidney disease to be the fifth leading cause of death [2]. The number of patients with chronic renal failure is increasing, as well…
