People commonly refer to depressive disorders as depression. This condition affects how the mind functions and can completely alter the patient’s perception, behavior, and thoughts. Depression can affect patients of all ages and may manifest as either a persistent or episodic condition. The stages of depression can last for several weeks or throughout one’s lifetime….
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological degenerative disorder and the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. It affects approximately 6.2 million people, with annual healthcare costs amounting to around $305 billion [1]. The disease is characterized by abnormal protein synthesis, leading to neuroinflammation and damage to nerve cells. This results in hindrances to…
Parkinson’s disease is a slow-progressing neurological disorder that leads to the gradual death of nerve cells in the brain, resulting in symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, difficulty in movement, and impaired balance. Globally, disability and mortality due to Parkinson’s disease are increasing more rapidly than any other neurological disorder, doubling in the past 25 years….
Inadequate blood supply causes damage to the brain in a condition known as a stroke, also referred to as a cerebrovascular accident. Blood clots form in the brain, interrupting blood flow and causing blockages in arteries, leading to ruptured blood vessels and subsequent bleeding in the brain. When arteries burst, there’s insufficient oxygen and nutrients…
Stroke can lead to death or permanent disability, debilitate the human body, impaired mobility and cognition, and leave a tremendous burden on the patient’s family and society [1]. Initial intervention measures such as surgery and the use of special medicines have had certain effectiveness. However, long-term intervention may still be required, even lifelong treatment. After…
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1% of the population worldwide after age 60 [1,2]. It poses a significant problem in aging societies [3,4]. The progressive loss of functions of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the central nervous system characterizes Parkinson’s disease. Typical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are slow…
