Cancer remains one of the leading causes of illness and death worldwide, with approximately 238,340 recent cases of lung cancer reported (117,550 in males and 120,790 in females). According to the American Cancer Society, the American Cancer Society attributes around 127,070 deaths to lung cancer (67,160 in males and 59,910 in females) [1]. Lung cancer…
A vaccine is a biological substance designed to protect humans from infections caused by bacteria or viruses. It is believed to stimulate a person’s immune system to produce antibodies similar to what would be generated if infected. The vaccine creation process involves using an antigen, or a newly identified immune-stimulating substance discovered during research and…
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can lead to respiratory illnesses ranging from mild to severe, including fatalities. It has inflicted significant damage on the global economy. The most effective preventive measures include vaccination, wearing masks during high transmission periods, frequent handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals [1]. According to the WHO, as of…
Inadequate blood supply causes damage to the brain in a condition known as a stroke, also referred to as a cerebrovascular accident. Blood clots form in the brain, interrupting blood flow and causing blockages in arteries, leading to ruptured blood vessels and subsequent bleeding in the brain. When arteries burst, there’s insufficient oxygen and nutrients…
Regenerative medicine based on stem cells is currently the center of attention. Stem cells lead the way in new therapies because they can self-renew and differentiate into various cell lines. Stem cells primarily include embryonic and somatic stem cells [1]. Somatic stem cells comprise hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs can adhere…
The global incidence rates of liver cancer have been referenced from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, comprising 185 countries with figures calculated per 100,000 people per year. In 2020, healthcare professionals diagnosed an estimated 905,700 cases of liver cancer globally, leading to 830,200 deaths [1,2]. Liver cancer ranks among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths…
