Autoimmune diseases, also known as autoimmune disorders, are conditions where the body’s immune system mistakenly reacts and attacks its own cells and tissues as if they were foreign objects. As a result, autoimmune diseases can occur in any part of the body, leading to various symptoms. Some common autoimmune diseases include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory…
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse. It is estimated that about 1 in 10 adult men will experience ED in their lives, mainly affecting men over the age of 40. The incidence of ED is 1-10% in men younger than 40 years of age [1]….
Thalassemia is a genetic hemolytic anemia. The disease mechanism affects the synthesis of globin chains in patients [1,2]. The cause of thalassemia is the unbalanced production of globin chains, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and increased hemolysis. While the carrier of the gene may not have symptoms, patients with severe thalassemia require regular blood transfusions and…
Diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, is highly prevalent worldwide. Many serious complications, which can be life-threatening, can arise from uncontrolled diabetes. The conventional approach to diabetes treatment includes injected insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs, but they come with potential complications and can affect the patient’s health negatively. Therefore, clinicians strive to improve patient…
There is a particular emphasis on the benefits of supplementing probiotics in preventing and treating allergies in children. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) define probiotics in allergic Skin Inflammation as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host” [1]. Several probiotics are…
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions, leading to the weakness of voluntary muscles (Figure 1). Common symptoms include double vision, drooping eyelids, facial and throat muscle weakness, and overall fatigue [1]. MG patients lose natural muscle control, experiencing varying muscle weakness and fatigue. While there is no cure for MG, treatment…
