In today’s increasingly developed society, the growing pressures of life and life’s obstacles lead to changes in psychological and behavioral aspects, which can manifest as either positive or negative expressions. It is crucial to distinguish between changes in normal behavior due to stress-induced mood alterations and those indicating more serious issues. Behaviors become noteworthy when…
Oral mucositis is a common side effect of cancer treatment, leading to nutritional challenges for the body and resulting in weight loss and a decreased quality of life. The lack of effective treatments and preventive guidelines for oral mucositis makes predicting the patient’s disease progression difficult. After 60 years, researchers discovered the complex mechanisms underlying…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) occurs due to the gradual decline in kidney function. It is characterized by the progressive reduction of organic biochemical function and secondary physiological functions due to the accumulation of metabolic waste, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance, reduced blood volume, increased blood potassium and phosphate, anemia, endocrine disorders, hypertrophy of the thyroid, infertility,…
Diarrhea is considered one of the most common digestive disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5, claiming the lives of approximately 1.5 million children each year. Passing loose or watery stools three or more times a day characterizes diarrhea [1]. Diarrhea can…
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological degenerative disorder and the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. It affects approximately 6.2 million people, with annual healthcare costs amounting to around $305 billion [1]. The disease is characterized by abnormal protein synthesis, leading to neuroinflammation and damage to nerve cells. This results in hindrances to…
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in the body, leading to genetic mutations and the uncontrolled growth of these cells. There are various types of cancers, and treatment measures depend on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s overall health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO),…
