Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), commonly known as autism, is a developmental neurological disorder. Individuals with ASD may exhibit behaviors, interactions, and learning patterns that differ from those of others [1]. They may encounter challenges in social interactions, interpretation, and the use of non-verbal and verbal communication. Researchers consider ASD as a lifelong disorder, but individuals…
In today’s increasingly developed society, the growing pressures of life and life’s obstacles lead to changes in psychological and behavioral aspects, which can manifest as either positive or negative expressions. It is crucial to distinguish between changes in normal behavior due to stress-induced mood alterations and those indicating more serious issues. Behaviors become noteworthy when…
Urinary tract infection infects one or more parts of the urinary system, such as the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. This is a highly prevalent condition; according to the Global Burden of Disease project, there were over 40.461 million reported cases in 2019, with 23.790 fatalities and an average of 520,200 new cases daily (1). Urinary…
Oral mucositis is a common side effect of cancer treatment, leading to nutritional challenges for the body and resulting in weight loss and a decreased quality of life. The lack of effective treatments and preventive guidelines for oral mucositis makes predicting the patient’s disease progression difficult. After 60 years, researchers discovered the complex mechanisms underlying…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) occurs due to the gradual decline in kidney function. It is characterized by the progressive reduction of organic biochemical function and secondary physiological functions due to the accumulation of metabolic waste, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance, reduced blood volume, increased blood potassium and phosphate, anemia, endocrine disorders, hypertrophy of the thyroid, infertility,…
Diarrhea is considered one of the most common digestive disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5, claiming the lives of approximately 1.5 million children each year. Passing loose or watery stools three or more times a day characterizes diarrhea [1]. Diarrhea can…
