According to the GLOBOCAN cancer statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and mortality rates from the World Health Organization’s mortality database for 2020, the estimated rates of incidence and mortality by gender and age group were calculated for 38 types of cancer across 185 countries or territories worldwide. Approximately 19.3 million…
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and ranks second among all cancers worldwide. Consequently, there’s a significant amount of scientific research and clinical trials regarding the prevention and treatment of breast cancer (Mendoza Luis et al., 2019). Some prominent research directions (such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy) include supporting breast cancer…
Liver diseases account for approximately 2 million deaths worldwide each year, with 1 million due to complications from cirrhosis and 1 million attributed to liver cancer from hepatocellular cells, representing 3.5% of global deaths [1,2]. Cirrhosis currently stands as the 11th most common cause of death worldwide, and liver cancer ranks 16th [1,2]. Cirrhosis is…
Periodontitis is a prevalent condition that can affect up to 90% of the global population. The risk of periodontitis might be associated with gum inflammation (bleeding) due to plaque accumulation [1, 2]. Overreacting immune responses in the teeth could lead to tissue destruction or the release of tissue-damaging protein-degrading enzymes. Hundreds or even thousands of…
Diseases have appeared, disappeared, increased, or decreased throughout human history. These epidemiological trends occur strongly with infectious diseases but also manifest in chronic diseases. In the past three or four decades, researchers have reported changes in the epidemiology of neurological diseases. In some high-income and developing countries, the risk of stroke and cognitive decline has…
As we know, the physiology and pathology of the respiratory and digestive tracts are closely interrelated. The correlation between these two systems explains why functional disorders in one organ can cause diseases in another. For instance, smoking is a major risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). COPD is…
