The coronavirus disease 2019, originating from Wuhan, China, is known to cause severe respiratory symptoms. The emergence of a cytokine storm in the lungs is evaluated as a crucial step in the pathogenesis mechanism as it causes pathological damage, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, potentially leading to death. Currently, there is no treatment…
Studies to date have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive source of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential [1]. Although bone marrow and adipose tissue are the major sources of scientific research and clinical therapy, they have certain limitations, including low proliferation and differentiation…
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders commonly characterized as a dysfunction of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to disordered production and inefficient blood formation in the bone marrow [1]. Typical manifestations of hematopoietic stem cell disorders include reduced peripheral blood cells, disorderly precursor cell differentiation, and increased or decreased bone marrow cells,…
People commonly refer to depressive disorders as depression. This condition affects how the mind functions and can completely alter the patient’s perception, behavior, and thoughts. Depression can affect patients of all ages and may manifest as either a persistent or episodic condition. The stages of depression can last for several weeks or throughout one’s lifetime….
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), commonly known as autism, is a developmental neurological disorder. Individuals with ASD may exhibit behaviors, interactions, and learning patterns that differ from those of others [1]. They may encounter challenges in social interactions, interpretation, and the use of non-verbal and verbal communication. Researchers consider ASD as a lifelong disorder, but individuals…
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological degenerative disorder and the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. It affects approximately 6.2 million people, with annual healthcare costs amounting to around $305 billion [1]. The disease is characterized by abnormal protein synthesis, leading to neuroinflammation and damage to nerve cells. This results in hindrances to…
